Differentiation

Overview


Differentiation is a central notion of the calculus. It began simply as a method to find the tangent to a curve in the plane. The notion was then extended to include tangent planes to surfaces and was developed into numerous definitions and types of mathematical objects.

Example


A graph of the function {% y = x^2 %} with the tangent line drawn.


Moving the slider moves the tangency point.

Definition


The definition of differention relies on the notion of a limit. The derivative of a function {% f(x) %} is a new function , here denoted by {% f'(x) %} where
{% f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} %}
if it exists.

Topics


  • Analytic Techniques : a set of analytic techniques for computing the derivative
  • Abstract Definition (Total Derivative)
    • Gateaux Derivative
    • Frechet Derivative
  • Multi-Variable
    • Differential Forms: are used to extend calculus to be used on curved surfaces and manifolds.
    • Directional Derivative
  • Functional Differentiation - gives a notion of differentiating a functional by a function.
  • Theorems
    • Mean Value Theorem
  • Numeric Implementation